《孙权劝学》 学案设计(人教版七年级下册)

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 学习目标:

1、了解与课文相关的作品及人物                2、学会使用工具书理解文言词语     (重点)

3、掌握疏通文言句意的方法       (难点)     4、理解课文的内容并有自己的感悟

初,权谓吕蒙曰:“卿今当涂掌

                   

                   

                   

事,不可不学!”蒙辞以军中多务。

                   

                   

                   

权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!但

                   

                   

                   

当涉猎,见往事耳。卿言多务,孰若

                   

                   

                   

孤?孤常读书,自以为大有所益。”

                   

                   

                   

蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳,与蒙论

                   

                   

                   

议,大惊曰:“卿今者才略,非复吴

                   

                   

                   

下阿蒙!”蒙曰:“士别三日,即更

                   

                   

                   

刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚乎!”肃

                   

                   

                   

遂拜蒙母,结友而别。

                   

                   

                   

第一课时

自学提纲

1、本文选自《           》,这是一部        体的史书,编撰者是       (朝代)的         。

2、解释下面句中加点的词。

权谓吕蒙(         )      卿(                   )      当涂掌事(           )

治经(             )      博士(                 )      但当涉猎(           )

蒙辞(             )      以军中多务(           )      但(          )当涉猎  

见(        )往事耳       见往事耳(             )      孰如孤(              )

自以为(           )      及(        )鲁肃过寻阳       及鲁肃过寻阳(        )

才略(             )      非复(                 )      即更(       )刮目相待  

蒙乃(        )始就学     大兄(                 )      何见事之晚乎(        )

3、找出句中的通假字,并解释。

孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪! (                 )

卿今当涂掌事,不可不学!(                 )

4. 写出下列词语的古今意义。

博士:古义¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______________        今义__________________

往事:古义¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______________        今义__________________

但:古义¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬______________  _        今义__________________

过:古义¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬______________  _        今义__________________

孤:古义¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬______________  _        今义__________________

5、古代文言文中的许多语句是成语的重要来源,请根据下面两句话的意思,在本文中找出相应的成语,并分别用成语造句。

(1)比喻人学识尚浅。(            )

造句_____________________________________________

(2)另眼相看,用新眼光看人。(              )

造句_____________________________________________ 

6、自主翻译课文

学习笔记

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                     

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                     

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                               

第二课时

自学提纲

1、翻译下列句子。

①孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!  _________________________________________________________             

②卿言多务,孰若孤?_______________________________________________________________

③卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙! ______________________________________________________

④即更刮目相待。____________________________________________________________________

⑤大兄何见事之晚乎! _______________________________________________________________

2、朗读课文思考下列问题、

①吕蒙是怎样从“吴下阿蒙”一变而为让人“刮目相待”的?

 

 

②孙权又是怎样劝学的?体会他的语气、神态和心理。

a卿今涂掌事,不可不学!”体现孙权怎样的心理?

b“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!但……耳” 体现孙权怎样的语气何心理?

c“卿言多务,孰若孤?孤常读书,自以为大有所益。”体现孙权怎样的良苦用心?

③鲁肃为什么会对吕蒙 “刮目相待”? 

④吕蒙学有所成,课文直接表现这一点没有?是怎样表明的?

⑤为什么“士别三日,即更刮目相待。”?

⑥ “刮目相待”后,鲁肃有何举动?说明了什么?

3、、概括本文情节。

孙权劝学——吕蒙(       )学——鲁肃(       )学

学习笔记

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                     

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                            

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

课后练习

(一)

1、阅读文言文要注音字的读音,请给下面的字注音。

   ①卿(      )    ②涉(       )    ③邪(        )

④孰(      )    ⑤遂(       )    ⑥岂(        )

2、依据课文,解释下列词语的意思。 

当涂掌事:                涉猎:               才略:                大兄:  

权谓吕蒙曰:              卿今当涂掌事:         蒙辞以军中多务 :

但当涉猎:                蒙乃始就学:           自以为大有所益:   

及鲁肃过寻阳:            与蒙论议:             肃遂拜蒙母:   

结友而别:   

3、朗读文章要注意句子的语气。读读下列句子,写出句子中加点虚词所表示的语气。

①孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪! 答:  

   ②但当涉猎,见往事耳。 答:

   ③大兄何见事之晚乎! 答:  

4、下列句子中,没有人称代词的一组是( ) 

   A.卿今当涂掌事       B.孤常读书       C.蒙辞以军中多务      D.自以为大有所益 

  

 5、按要求填空

(1)《孙权劝学》选自《         》,《      》是     (朝代)          主持编纂的一部 通史,记载了从 到五代1362年间史事。 

(2)文中“治经”中的“经”指《          》《诗》《          》《            》《春秋》等书。 

 6、古代文言文中的许多语句是成语的重要来源,请根据下面两句话的意思,在本文中找出相应的成语,并用成语写一段文字。 

(1)比喻人学识尚浅。(          ) 

(2)另眼相看,用新眼光看人。(        ) 

 7、宋代诗人刘过曾写过一首题为《书院》的“劝学诗”:

力学如力耕,勤惰尔自知。

但使书种多,会有岁稔时。

   这首诗运用了         修辞格,表达的意思是:                 。而《孙权劝学》则以               为主,言简意丰地表达了学习的重要性。 

8、翻译句子;

①卿今当涂掌事,不可不学!

②孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!

③但当涉猎,见往事耳。

④卿言多务,孰若孤?

⑤结友而别。

⑥卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙!

⑦士别三日,即更刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚乎!

9、本文告诉我们的道理是                                                                        

   给我们的启示是                                                                               

(二)

 初,权谓吕蒙曰:“卿今当涂掌事,不可不学!”蒙辞以军中多务。权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!但当涉猎,见往事耳。卿言多务,孰若孤?孤常读书,自以为大有所益。”蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳,与蒙论议,大惊曰:“卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙!”蒙曰:“士别三日,即更刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚乎!”肃遂拜蒙母,结友而别。

  1、下列各句中,加点词语意义和用法相同的一项是( ) 

   A.①卿今当涂掌事 ②但当涉猎             B.①蒙辞以军中多务 ②自以为大有所益  

   C.①见往事耳 ②大兄何见事之晚乎  

   2、对“孤常读书,自以为大有所益”的正确翻译是:  

   3、请解释文中“博士“一词,并说明这类词是什么语言现象?

   4、人物的语言往往体现人物的语气和心理,请分析下列人物语言的作用。

(1)卿今当涂掌事,不可不学! 

  

   (2)卿言多务,孰若孤  

  

5、下列对文章内容的分析,不正确的一项是(    ) 

 A.孙权劝学,既指出了吕蒙学习的必要性,又使用了现身说法,指出“学”的可能性,从而使吕蒙无可推辞。  

 B.鲁肃与吕蒙的对话,既从正面烘托出了孙权劝学的显著成效,也进一步告诉人们读书,学习的重要性。 

 C.鲁肃与吕蒙的对话,一唱一和,互相打趣,显示了二人的真实性情与融洽关系。 

 D.鲁肃与吕蒙“结友而去”,从侧面表现了孙权劝学的结果以及吕蒙才略的惊人增长。 

  

 6、本文中出现了几个至今仍在使用的成语,请找出两个,并作出解释:

A、成语:                      解释:                                                      

B、成语:                      解释:                                                       

7、鲁肃为何与吕蒙“结友“?

8、本文与《伤仲永》一文都是谈学习的重要性的,你从中得到了怎样的启示? 

   

(三)

鲁肃过蒙屯下     鲁肃代周瑜,当之陆口,过蒙屯下。肃意尚轻蒙,或说肃曰:“吕将军功名日显,不可以故意待也,君宜顾之。”遂往诣蒙。酒酣,蒙问肃曰:“君受重任,与关羽为邻,将何计略以备不虞?”肃造次应曰:“临时施宜。”蒙曰:“今东西虽为一家,而关羽实熊虎也,计安可不豫定?”因为肃画五策。肃于是越席就之,拊其背曰:“吕子明,吾不知卿才略所及乃至于此也。”遂拜蒙母,结友而别。时蒙与成当、宋定、徐顾屯次比近,三将死,子弟幼弱,权悉以兵并蒙。蒙固辞,陈启顾等皆勤劳国事,子弟虽小,不可废也。书三上,权乃听。蒙于是又为择师使辅导之其操心率如此。(《三国志•吕蒙传》节选)    

 1、解释文中加点词语的意思。     

(1)过:                            (2)诣:          

(3)就:                            (4)悉: 

 2、用“/”给下列句子断句。  

   于 是 又 为 择 师 使 辅 导 之 其 操 心 率 如 此 

3、句子翻译  

   (1)将何计略以备不虞?  

   译文:                                                                        

   (2)吾不知卿才略所及乃至于此也。 

译文:                                                        

4、鲁肃为什么和吕蒙“结友”?  

                                                                              

5、联系课文《孙权劝学》,谈谈你对吕蒙的看法。  

                                                                          

(四)对比阅读

炳烛①夜读

    晋平公问于师旷曰:“吾年七十,欲学,恐已暮矣。”师旷曰:“何不炳烛乎?”平公曰:“安有为人臣而戏其君乎?”师旷曰:“盲臣②安敢戏君乎?臣闻之:少而好学,如日出之阳;壮而好学,如日中之光;老而好学,如炳烛之明。炳烛之明,孰与昧行③乎?”平公曰:“善哉!”

   【注释】①炳烛:点烛。 ②盲臣:师旷为盲人,故自称为盲臣。 ③昧行:在黑暗中行走。

孙权劝学

    初,权谓吕蒙曰:“卿今当涂掌事,不可不学!”蒙辞以军中多务。权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!但当涉猎,见往事耳。卿言多务,孰若孤?孤常读书,自以为大有所益。”蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳,与蒙议论,大惊曰:“卿今者才略,非复吴下阿蒙!”蒙曰:“士别三日,即更刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚乎!”肃遂拜蒙母,结友而别。

 

1、解释下面句子中的加点词。

⑴恐已暮矣_____                           ⑵盲臣安敢戏君乎______                    

⑶即更刮目相待______                      ⑷及鲁肃过寻阳______                      

2、用现代汉语翻译下列句子。

⑴少而好学,如日出之阳。   

译文:

⑵孤岂欲卿治经为博士

译文:

3、晋平公担心学不好的理由是_________________________________,吕蒙不愿学的理由是_______________________________。(每处所填不超过5字)

4、两文都是谈学习的,共涉及四个人,读完后你得到什么启发?

 

肖华


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